What are the common sources of water for very small water systems?

Very small water systems typically rely on localized and accessible sources of water, which makes groundwater, surface water, and rainwater the most common options. Groundwater is often sourced from wells, providing a reliable supply for these systems, especially in rural areas where larger municipal supplies are not available. Surface water can come from nearby rivers, lakes, or streams, which can also serve as important resources, particularly during wet seasons or in regions with sufficient rainfall. Additionally, rainwater harvesting can be a viable method for capturing precipitation for use, especially in areas where other sources may be limited or where sustainability practices are encouraged.

While desalinated water and bottled water are not typically feasible for small systems due to cost and logistics, municipal water supplies are generally intended for larger networked areas. The use of industrial wastewater or treated sewage does not align with the typical sources for small water systems, as these systems focus on providing safe and potable water from natural sources rather than potentially contaminated recycled sources. Therefore, the combination of groundwater, surface water, and rainwater represents the primary and most accessible resources for very small water systems.