What biotechnology is used to reduce pollutants in wastewater?

Bioremediation is the biotechnology used to reduce pollutants in wastewater. It involves the use of microorganisms, plants, or a combination of both to break down or remove contaminants from the water. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can metabolize organic pollutants, effectively cleaning the wastewater by converting harmful substances into less toxic or non-toxic ones. This process is particularly effective for addressing issues such as oil spills, heavy metals, and other organic pollutants in wastewater streams.

The other methods listed, while they may play important roles in water treatment systems, do not specifically target the reduction of pollutants through biological processes. Filtration focuses on physically removing particles from water, desalination removes salt and minerals to produce freshwater, and ozonation uses ozone gas to disinfect and oxidize contaminants but does not involve biological reactions for pollutant removal. Therefore, bioremediation stands out as the most suitable biotechnology for this purpose.