What is a common consequence of high levels of nitrates in drinking water?

High levels of nitrates in drinking water can lead to serious health risks, particularly a condition known as methemoglobinemia, commonly referred to as "blue baby syndrome," in infants. This condition occurs when nitrates are ingested and converted to nitrites in the body. Nitrites interfere with the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen, which can be particularly dangerous for young children.

Infants are especially susceptible because their digestive systems are not fully developed, making it difficult for them to handle high levels of nitrates. Symptoms of methemoglobinemia can include a bluish discoloration of the skin, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening without prompt medical intervention.

While changes to pH levels, taste, and odor of the water, or higher chlorination requirements can be associated with other contaminants, they are not the primary concern linked with nitrates specifically. The health risks posed to infants are critical and well-documented, underscoring the importance of monitoring and managing nitrate levels in drinking water supplies.